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Geometry Basics - Circles Theorems

Published on Wednesday, May 25, 2016
Geometry is a trending topic in Bank exams. In the series of sharing Geometry basics, today I am sharing rules related to Circles :-
Radius
Area of the circle is  A=πr2

Circumference (perimeter) of the circle= 2πr

Sector of a Circle

sector
To find the area of the sector we must know the central angle .Suppose the central angle is θ.
area of a sector

Chords of a Circle

The longest chord in a circle is diameter.
chords of a circle
AB, CD, EF are the different chords of the circle. You can see that as you move away from the centre the length of the chord gets smaller and smaller but as you move towards the centre, the length of the chord becomes greater and greater.

Based on the same logic , there can be many questions like :

Q1.

The two parallel chord of a circle are 10 and 12 cm and the radius of the circle is 13 cm. Find the distance between two chords .

Solution : In this question there can be two possibilities about the locations of the chords .
  1. Both the chords are on the opposite side of the center. 
  2. Both the chords are on the same side of the center. 
Let us solve it with first possibility
circle questions
Here one theorem comes into existence that says that any perpendicular drawn from the center of the circle to chord, divides the chord.

Since OP is a perpendicular on the chord AB

Therefore AP=PB =12

In triangle OPB by Pythagorean Theorem

OP2    = OB2 –PB2
           = 132-122
           = 169-144
           = 25
 OP= 5 cm

Similarly since OR is perpendicular to the chord AB

Therefore CR=RD =5 cm

In triangle ORD by Pythagorean theorem
OR2 = OD2-RD2
        = 132-52
        = 169-25
        =144
   OR = 12

Therefore the distance between the chords AB and CD = OP+OR =5+12=17 cm

Now let us do it with second possibility

chords question
In this case also OP and OR will remain 5 cm and 12 cm respectively.

We need to find out the PR
PR = OR –OP = 12-5 = 7 cm

Therefore the distance between the two chords = 7 cm

Angles in a circle

sagments


Angles in the major segement

RULE 1:

According rule the angles made in the same segments are equal.

OR

Angles made by the same chord in the same segment are always equal.

angles

Remember that there can be any number of angles but if they are 

in the same segment, they are always equal.

RULE 2:

Angles made by the chord at center are twice the angle made at the circumference.
\circles riles

Angles in the minor segment

circles rules

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ramandeep singh

Hey I am Ramandeep Singh. I am determined to help students preparing for RBI, SEBI, NABARD and IBPS exams. Do you want me to help you ?

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