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Loan- Types, Advantages & Disadvantages

Published on Monday, August 28, 2017

Introduction

Nowadays loan is a common word because everyone is familiar with it in one or other way. In simple language loan is an amount which is lending from one person, entity or a financial institution to another person, entity or financial institutions.


Meaning:

  • A loan is the lending of money from one source to another source for a specified period.
  • A loan is a debt given by an organization to another organization with an interest rate.
  • In a loan, a borrower borrows money from the lender with a certain rate of interest and pay back it in future.
  • The main activities of financial institutions like banks, NBFC, is to provide a loan to the customer.

Types of loan

There are mainly five types of loan.

1) Secured loan

  • In a secured loan, a borrower pledges some asset as collateral like property, car etc.
  • A mortgage loan is a type of secured loan used by a customer. In a secured loan, a money is using to purchase a property.
  • If in case the borrower fails to pay back the loan amount a lender has legal right to possess the collateral security and recover the money.

2) Unsecured loan

  • In the unsecured loan, a loan is not secured against any of property of the borrower. 
  • This type of loan is available from the financial institutions like banks, NBFCs and other private institutions.
  • In unsecured loan interest rate depends on the lender and the borrower and the rate of interest in an unsecured loan is always higher than a secured loan.
  • There is more risk associated with the unsecured loan that a customer may not pay back an amount.
  • In case of insolvency, unsecured lenders are the second priority to pay the money.
  • An unsecured loan may be one of the following:
  • Personal loans
  • Credit card debt
  • Bank overdrafts
  • Line of credit
  • Unsecured bonds

3) Demand loan

  • Demand loans, as the name suggests, are short term loans.
  • Short term loan means there is no fixed time to repay an amount it means it can be repaid at any time.
  • A demand loan uses the floating rate of interest to charge an interest.
  • A demand loan may be a secured or unsecured.

4) Subsidized loan

  • In a subsidized loan, an interest rate is reduced by subsidy. 
  • This type of loans is given to the students for education purpose.
  • Sometimes in the subsidized loan the whole amount of interest is paid by the government.

5) Concessional loan

  • A concessional loan is also called as a "soft loan".
  • A concessional loan is given either through below market interest rates, by grace periods or a combination of both.
  • This type of loans is given by the developed countries to the developing countries. 

Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages of loan:

  • Nowadays loans are easily available to anyone by stable financial sources like banks, NBFCs, private institutions.
  • Nobody can take undue advantage of the borrower in any emergency.
  • There various types of loan as per the needs of the customers.
  • Due to competition among the financial institutions, a customer gets to benefit from this competition like lower interest, more time to repay.
  • Sometimes there are government schemes like saving in tax, lower interest rate if in a specific time period loan is taken 

Disadvantages:

  • There is a lengthy process to get a loan it requires various types of documents, proof, witness and many other things. So, it takes a longer time to section a loan.
  • Sometimes the documents and many other things demanded by the institutions are so unnecessary that it makes inconvenient to the client.
  • A loan is never granted in the full amount. There is always a ratio of the amount applied for a loan and the amount to grant.it may be 80:20 ratio, it means a bank give 80 percent loan of the applied amount.
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About Me

Ramandeep Singh

Ramandeep Singh - Educator

I'm Ramandeep Singh, your guide to banking and insurance exams. With 14 years of experience and over 5000 successful selections, I understand the path to success firsthand, having transitioned from Dena Bank and SBI. I'm passionate about helping you achieve your banking and insurance dreams.

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