New Pattern English Question - Set 4

A section of an article is given. Here some words and some sentences are missing. You need to comprehend the paragraphs and find out the suitable word/ sentence, from the provided options, which fulfill the blank grammatically and contextually correct.

Capitalism, as it is ___________(1) in rich countries, has taken two brilliant ideas too far. The first is
return on equity (ROE), one way of measuring value creation that has managed to eclipse many other, and broader, ones. The second is competition, which has come to be seen as an end in it rather than as a tool for promoting growth and ______________(2).

Both ideas began as effective solutions to a pressing problem—how to allocate resources to produce, as Jeremy Bentham would have it, “the greatest good for the greatest number.” Centuries on, the ___________(3) economies _________(4) tightly to these approaches, but the problem has changed. The mismatch has caused difficulties of such urgency that many people are now declaring capitalism a ___________(5). The whole system has been ___________(6), not only because of the financial crisis but particularly since that event, as inherently unworkable.

It isn’t true. Capitalism—broadly, private ownership and resources allocated by markets—remains the most powerful, flexible, and _______ (7) system for driving society’s prosperity and enhancing the quality of life. But keeping it on track will depend on our ability to rethink the priorities that guide everyone in the system, from entrepreneurs to regulators to investors. Together the practitioners of capitalism will need to _____________(8) the headlong pursuits of ROE and competition, and that process begins with recognizing those ideas for what they are. They are runaways.

The concept of “runaway” selection comes from the field of evolutionary biology, and to explain it, biologists most often cite the peacock’s tail. That ornamental feature has grown ever more _____________(9) across the centuries thanks to a simple fact: Peahens show a preference for large-tailed peacocks. In the earliest days of the species, this made sense. A showy tail was a marker of a healthy male that knew how to feed himself. Consequently, well-feathered males had more frequent opportunities to breed and to pass along that trait. The next generation had, on average, larger tails. Initially, this would have _________________(10) the weak; but after many generations, it created a problem for the strong. That tail is expensive. It requires nutrients to grow and maintain. And it’s heavy, slowing down its owner and making him easier prey.

1-

I- Practiced
II- Hinged
III- Maneuver
IV- Steered
V- None of the above

Solution: I Hinges means attached or joint with. Maneuver is a noun where as sentence needs a verb. Steered means guide or control the movement which cannot be fit in the sentence and only practiced is the correct form of verb and grammatically fits in the sentence so option I is the right choice.

2-

I- Destruction
II- Stagnation
III- Innovation
IV- Both I and II fit
V- None of the above

Solution: III we cannot promote destruction and stagnation so they can be easily eliminated. Only option III is the right choice. 

3-

I- Advanced
II- Progressive
III- Hinder
IV- Both I and II fit
V- Both II and III fit

Solution: IV hinder is a negative term and if we are using approaches it should be advanced and progressive both which grammatically fits in the sentence. 

4-

I- Hold on
II- Grasp
III- Cling
IV- None of the above
V- All of the above

Solution: V as hold on, grasp, cling have the same meaning we can use all as the sentence is also saying advanced economies hold these approaches for centuries. 

5-

I- Success
II- Achievement
III- Failure
IV- Defeat
V- None of the above

Solution: III if there is a mismatch or difficulty capitalism will not be a success or achievement it must be a failure. Defeat will not fit grammatically in the sentence. 

6-

I- Indicted
II- Obsequious
III- Pristine
IV- Facile
V- None of the above

Solution: I in the above options only indicted is grammatically correct because with has been we use third form of verb and indicted means accused of something which is also logically correct so option I is the right choice. 

7-

I- Fragile
II- Impotent
III- Robust
IV- Tough
V- Lethargic

Solution: III fragile impotent and lethargic are negative words which is not a case here. Tough is not used with system here. So robust is the only right choice. Robust means vigorous. 

8-

I- Ennui
II- Inveigle
III- Cajole
IV- Throttle back
V- None of the above

Solution: IV ennui means a feeling of listlessness and dissatisfaction. Inveigle and cajole means to persuade someone to do something. Throttle back means to reduce the speed. And according to the sentence practitioner have to slow down the pursuits and competition to move forward effectively. 

9-

I- Flamboyant
II- Ostentatious
III- Apathetic
IV- Both I and II
V- None of the above

Solution: I apathetic means which shows no interest which is not the case here. Ostentatious and flamboyant both means tending to attract attention but ostentatious is used when we pretend to attract someone and flamboyant is used when it is attracted based on its characteristics. So flamboyant is the only right choice. Thus option I is correct. 

10-

I- Strengthened
II- Beefed up
III- Enlarged
IV- None of the given options
V- Weeded out

Solution: V weed out means to remove which fits in the sentence, hence option V is the right choice.