Participles - English Grammar Notes

Published on Saturday, June 13, 2015

Types

Present Participle
Past Participle

# Present Participle

Participles

Here running is come alone without any helping verb, so from this we got to know that 'running ' is not a part of tense.
If we use only ' run ' instead of ' running ' it doesn't make any sense
So when v₁ + ing comes alone, without them sentence doesn't make any sense is known as participle.
If it in the present tense ( is, are is used ) , then the participle is known as Present Participle.
Here participle is act as an adjective.

# Past Participle

Used for all perfect tense forms of a verb and in the passive voice.

Example: He hid the money in his recently gotten shirt.

Here gotten is past participle because :

It acts as adjective because it adds the quality or describes about noun. ( Here noun is shirt )
No helping verb is used with ' gotten ' so it cannot be a part of tense.
It is third form of verb.

Example : He took the gun. He shot the tiger.

Having taken the gun, he shot the tiger. [ Active Voice ]

Here past participle is used with having

So in the active voice past participle can come as

having + v₃

Having been taken the gun, he shot the tiger. [ Passive Voice ]

[ He : Subject of Reference ]

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